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Remembering Rumbula
November 30, 1941- December 8, 1941
MENU - Remembering Rumbula
OVERVIEW
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Pillar marking the path among the mass graves at Rumbula Forest.
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Rumbula* Forest, near Riga, Latvia, became the mass murder site and grave of 27,800** Jews from the Riga Ghetto on November 30 and December 8, 1941 (10th and 18th of Kislev on the Jewish calendar).
Only 3 people who arrived at the Rumbula killing site escaped death. Family members of some who perished survived the war, and a number of them live today in Latvia, the U.S., Europe and Israel.
This site is an introduction to the mass murders at Rumbula Forest for educational and research purposes. It is maintained on a non-commercial basis.
The acts that took place in Rumbula Forest in late 1941 are documented here through historical accounts and personal memoirs. Also included are accounts of modern-day anti-semitic activity in Latvia and of the dedication of the Rumbula Forest Memorial in 2002.
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* Rumbuli Forest in German.
** Source: Latvia's Jewish Community: History, Tragedy, Revival by Dribins, Gutmanis and Vestermanis (2001). This quotes R. Lange's report to the SD which mentions the number of Rumbula victims as 27,800, including the train-load of 942 German Jews brought to Riga in the early morning of November 30. In his earlier The Holocaust in Latvia 1941-1944 (1996) Ezergailis calculates a similar number, 25,000.
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Pillar marking the path among the mass graves at Rumbula Forest.
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 ACCOUNTS
Rumbula Web Exhibit - Museum of Tolerance
Yad Vashem Summary on Rumbuli (Rumbula)
Chronology of the Holocaust 1939- 1941
Rumbula Remembered - City Paper of The Baltic States
An Account of Rumbula - The Nizkor Project (Shofar)
Riga Ghetto and Rumbula
Rumbula on the 800th Anniversary of Riga
Reuters News Story on 60th Anniversary of Rumbula
The 1000 Deported From Berlin To Riga/Rumbuli November 30, 1941
WWII Plus 55 - David H. Lippman (scroll to paragraphs 10 and 11)
Michael Genchik
Mr. Genchik lost most of his family at Rumbula and later maintained the graves there.
The Riga Massacres - The Holocaust Chronicle
 Memories of a 13 year Old Boy - Michael Kor
The Riga Ghetto and Rumbula
RUMBULA YAHRZEITS - A WEB MEMORIAL
This is the beginning of a list on the web of those who perished at Rumbula, may their memory be for a blessing. More names will be added as they are received from Latvia and other sources. Please click here to go to this page.
PERSONAL MEMORIES
Eye Witness - Steven Springfield (click on his name please)
His Escape and His Mother's Death - Henry Daniller
Escape from March to Rumbula by Riva Shefer - CNN
POEM
Rumbula by Ojars Vacietis (excerpt)
EARLY MEMORIALS AT RUMBULA FOREST
Photo of an Early Homemade Star of David Memorial at Rumbula
Description of Rumbula Site After WWII
Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, 1990 Macmillan Publishing Company
Museum of Tolerance, Simon Wiesenthal Center
History of the Soviet Era Rumbula Marker
by Alex Gertsmark, son of marker designer, Leo Herzmark
Photo of Soviet Marker at Rumbula Forest in Russian, Latvian and Yiddish
Photo of Young Jews Preparing Rumbula Forest Site for a Monument in 1969
Photo of Rumbula Memorial After WWII
Museum of Tolerance - Simon Wiesenthal Center
Caretaker Michael Genchik Remembers Rumbula Forest After the War
Center for Defense Information (CDI) - Johnson's Russian List
Account of Abandonment and Desecration of Rumbula Graves in the 1990's
John Mage: Riga, Rumbuli, homage to the eXile April 1, 1998
Response to John Mage by Gunars Reinis, April 5, 1998
DEDICATION OF RUMBULA MEMORIAL ON NOVEMBER 29, 2002
U.S. Commission for the Preservation of American Cultural Heritage Abroad
Co-Funder of the Rumbula Memorial
-- Rumbula Holocaust Memorial Page
http://www.heritageabroad.gov/projects/latvia1.html
-- Photograph of the Rumbula Memorial
http://www.heritageabroad.gov/gallery/proj05_latvia.html
-- Photo, Article and Message from
Commission Chairman Warren L. Miller read at the dedication of the Rumbula Memorial.
2004 Report, Page 17 (click on link and advance to page 17 of report)
http://www.heritageabroad.gov/reports/doc/2004_Report.pdf
President of Latvia, Vaira Vike-Freiberga
Addresses Dedication of Rumbula Memorial - Press Release
from the Chancery of the President of Latvia
http://www.president.lv/pk/content/?cat_id=603&art_id=654&lng=en
 Virtual Tour of Rumbula Memorial Dedication Ceremony
Photos and information for text courtesy of Center for Judaic Studies, University of Latvia
No Man Has To Follow Orders - U.S. Ambassador Brian E. Carlson
Shoah Memorial Goes Up in Latvia after Fierce Debate over Inscription - JTA
Latvian Jews, Local Government Spar over Inscription on a Shoah Memorial - JTA
Wiesenthal Center Urges Mention of Latvian Collaborators on Memorial Inscription
Latvia Unveils Holocaust Memorial - BBC News
Outside Riga, a Memorial to 25,000 Murdered Jews is Unveiled
Associated Press - via Latvian Mailer
SINCE 1945
Explosions at Memorial at Rumbula - The Baltic Times
Bombings and Vandalism at Jewish Sites in Latvia in 1998
Anti-Semitism in the Baltic Republics
ADL Honors of Latvia
ADL's National Director Resigns from Latvian Commission on Historians Due to Latvia's Treatment of the Holocaust
BOOK EXCERPTS ABOUT RUMBULA AT THIS WEB SITE
 Rumbula Viewed From The Riga Ghetto - Book Excerpt
The Ghetto of Riga and Continuance - A Survivor's Memoir
By Alfred Winter, copyright 1998
The Holocaust in Latvia, 1941-1944: The Missing Center
By Andrew Ezergailis
Historical Institute of Latvia in association with the USHMM
465 pp. $50.00
A detailed account of Rumbula by historian Andrew Ezergailis
Chapter 8 - Rumbula
Rumbula
A more recent article by Andrew Ezergailis
RUMBULA FOREST IN WORKS OF FICTION
 A Time in Silence
Rumbula Forest plays a key role in this moving 6-minute short film about an aged Holocaust survivor and her middle-aged daughter. This website figures into the plot. Although a work of fiction rather than of history, the general themes in A Time of Silence are recognizable from real life. This film from the U.K.'s Stampede (www.Stampede.co.uk) was screened at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival.
READ MORE ABOUT IT
I Survived Rumbuli
By Frida Michelson
U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum Shop Memorial Council, February 1982.
Frida Michelson, as only one of two to survive, felt G-d chose her as a witness. Frida Michelson’s riveting story details the horrors she experienced and describes her survival of the actions at Rumbula. It goes on to tell of her survival of years of Nazi occupation with the aid of a series of righteous Latvians, a number of whom were Seventh Day Adventists.
The Holocaust in Latvia, 1941-1944: The Missing Center
by Andrew Ezergailis
Historical Institute of Latvia in association with the USHMM
465 pp. $50.00
Excerpt - Introduction
The Murder of the Jews in Latvia, 1941-1945
by Bernhard Press, Laimdota Mazzarins (Translator)
Northwestern University Press
222 pp. $18.00
MASTERS OF DEATH
The SS-Einsatzgruppen and The Invention of the Holocaust
by Richard Rhodes
Knopf.
335 pp. $27.50
Washington Post review of Masters of Death, by Deborah E. Lipstadt
New York Times Review of Masters of Death, by Walter Reich
RELATED PAGES AT THIS WEBSITE
Einsatzgruppen - Mobile Killing Units
The Holocaust in Latvia - Riga Ghetto
The Holocaust in Latvia - Bikernieki Forest
The Holocaust in Latvia - Riga Choral Synagogue
History of Jewish Latvia - Overview
History of Jewish Latvia - Riga
This site links to information on the web about Rumbula and related topics. We are not responsible for the information provided at linked pages.
Copyright 2002- by Rumbula.org, a project of the not-for-profit Luminescence Media Group.
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